In section
4.7, we learned that nonmetals form chemical bonds by sharing of electrons.
When the bond is formed between two identical nonmetals, a nonpolar
covalent bond is formed. In section
5.3, we learned that the bond, which involves a sharing of electrons between
two different nonmetals, is called a polar
covalent bond.
Liquids that have covalent
bonding are classified into two types:
polar
nonpolar
We can determine whether a liquid is polar or nonpolar by determining
whether the molecule possesses a net dipole moment (section
5.7). Water, for example, is a polar
liquid.
In general, "Like
Dissolves Like" describes the general principle of solubility (i.e. polar
solvents dissolve polar solutes and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes).
Other polar liquids are miscible
in water, while nonpolar liquids are immiscible
in water (section
1.8).
Other polar solutes are soluble in water, while
nonpolar solutes are insoluble in water.
Review the terminologies soluble/insoluble,
miscible/immiscible (section
9.2).