SOLUTIONS

9.3 - Solubility of Covalent Compounds

In section 4.7, we learned that nonmetals form chemical bonds by sharing of electrons. When the bond is formed between two identical nonmetals, a nonpolar covalent bond is formed. In section 5.3, we learned that the bond, which involves a sharing of electrons between two different nonmetals, is called a polar covalent bond.

Liquids that have covalent bonding are classified into two types:

• polar
• nonpolar

We can determine whether a liquid is polar or nonpolar by determining whether the molecule possesses a net dipole moment (section 5.7). Water, for example, is a polar liquid.

In general, "Like Dissolves Like" describes the general principle of solubility (i.e. polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes).

Other polar liquids are miscible in water, while nonpolar liquids are immiscible in water (section 1.8).
Other polar solutes are soluble in water, while nonpolar solutes are insoluble in water.

Review the terminologies soluble/insoluble, miscible/immiscible (section 9.2).

Section 14.2
Types of Solutions ..p363

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